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Fusion world

Curtain call for the COMPASS tokamak

13 Sep 2021
After 12 years of operation and 21,000 plasma shots, the Czech tokamak COMPASS ceased operation on 20 August 2021.
Compass.jpg
After beginning its experimental life in the United Kingdom, the COMPASS tokamak went on to 12 years of successful operation at the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP) in Prague. Now the IPP team is gearing up for a new challenge.
The tokamak will now be disassembled to make room for COMPASS-U ("Upgrade")—a high magnetic field device with an enlarged operational space and broader flexibility. Designed and constructed with the participation of European and international partners, COMPASS-U will support ITER operation and address some of the key challenges for the design and construction of a next-phase reactor, DEMO.

Over its long and valuable lifetime, COMPASS trained generations of students in ITER-relevant plasma physics studies. Originally operated at the Culham Science Centre in the United Kingdom (1992-2002), it was offered by the European Commission and the UK Atomic Energy Authority to the Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences in 2004. During installation and commissioning (2006-2011) COMPASS was enriched with enhanced diagnostics, new control and data acquisition systems, and completely new power supplies. In 2012 scientists achieved H-mode on the COMPASS device, making it one of only four devices in Europe capable of operating in high confinement mode (with ASDEX-U, JET and TCV). Further enhancement of the neutral beam auxiliary heating system enabled the team at the Institute of Plasma Physics to carry out plasma physics studies in ITER-like regimes.

"Twelve years of successful operation and exploitation of the COMPASS tokamak at the Institute of Plasma Physics in Prague has been instrumental in obtaining national funding for the construction of a new facility—the COMPASS-U tokamak," says Director Radomír Pánek.

3D-view-on-the-COMPASS-U-tokamak.jpg
COMPASS-U will support ITER operation and address some of the key challenges for the design and construction of a next-phase reactor, DEMO.
COMPASS-U will be an entirely new tokamak, built in the same torus hall as the original machine. It is designed to occupy a unique space among existing tokamak research facilities—operating at high magnetic field and high plasma density. Its unique characteristics will enable the exploration of advanced confinement modes and plasma configurations, and the testing of new plasma-facing materials and liquid metal divertor concepts.

COMPASS-U will be the only medium-sized tokamak in the world capable of confining the plasma using magnetic fields up to 5 T and generating conditions similar to ITER and DEMO (plasma geometry, high power fluxes in the divertor region, high density...). It will be also able to operate with the first wall at the temperature of 500 °C, allowing scientists to make significant contributions to the design and operation of future fusion power plants. In particular, the device will be used by Czech and international colleagues to address some of the gaps in heat exhaust physics, one of the key challenges identified in the EUROfusion Roadmap to the Realisation of Fusion Energy.

"The design and construction of such a high-magnetic-field tokamak, capable of operation with liquid metal technology, brings a lot of challenges," explains Pánek. "Nevertheless, the team has already successfully passed the final design review of tokamak assembly and some of the auxiliary systems, for example the new the power supply system and the first 1MW neutral beam injection module have been already manufactured."

It will take the team approximately two months to disassemble COMPASS. A significant modification of the experimental hall must get underway soon in order to be ready for the assembly of COMPASS-U. The start of operation is planned in 2024.

Resources:

COMPASS final plasma shot (20 August 2021)

COMPASS-U animation

More on the Czech Institute of Plasma Physics

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