ITER is all about building a large tokamak that will demonstrate the feasibility of fusion energy. The project's true "end product," however, is not the machine. It is knowledge. Over the past 35 years, beginning with conceptual design and engineering design activities, then through construction, manufacturing, assembly and pre-commissioning, ITER has already generated an immense quantity of data. Millions of documents have been created on different media and organized using methods and technologies available at the time of their production. Turning these precious bits and pieces of accumulated data into accessible information now requires an in-depth digital transition, which every company or institution engaged in long-term projects needs to implement. In late 2021, a working group inside ITER established a roadmap for such a transition, and in autumn 2022 DigITER was officially established. DigITER is a "knowledge management" program that addresses the past, the present and the future of ITER. "The early data exists in different forms, from a drawing scribbled on the back an envelope three decades ago to the thousand-page ITER Final Design Report of 2001," explains Alain Bécoulet, Head of the Engineering Domain and leader of the program. "Then, as information technologies evolved, all kinds of different databases were introduced, which, unfortunately, do not necessarily 'talk' to each other. All of this is very much 20th century and, as we all know, we entered the 21st century 22 years ago..." Like in all institutions and companies whose projects span several decades, ITER data is present and preserved ... but it is scattered, ramified, fragmented and not always easy to locate. In late 2021, the ITER working group compared notes with Airbus, Rosatom, the French utility provider EDF, and the Korean Institute of Fusion Energy; since, contacts have been established with CERN and Tesla. All have faced a similar challenge and all have devised a similar approach: data needs to be captured and stored in structured and centralized data repositories. "The digital storage capacity available today allows us to capture every single bit of available data, including the 'soft data' that might appear irrelevant today but might prove useful tomorrow." Bécoulet explains the nature of "soft data" with the following example: "Let's take the ballpoint pen you're using to take notes. We can render its dimensions, volume, etc., with a 3D drawing, add information about its material and, since storage capacity is not an issue, mention historical elements that explain why the colour blue was chosen for your ballpoint cap. Is it important? Maybe not today. But one day, for a reason we cannot anticipate, it could be—that's what soft, or meta, data is about. It's like a tag that can be attached to any 3D object. And we can attach as many tags as we wish." The ballpoint cap example can be extrapolated to any ITER component or system however large or complex. Combined with the capacity of digital tools to capture and render massive amounts of data, it opens the way to creating "digital twins" for any ITER environment. "In ITER's Virtual Reality Room today, we are able to access 3D renderings of components and systems. But outside of a few exceptions, they are 'as-designed' and not 'as-built,' and they don't include meta data attributes. Using today's technologies it is becoming quite simple to scan a complete environment, virtually recreate it as it is in the real world, and connect it to 'soft' attributes. The ITER's Virtual Reality Room gives access to 3D renderings of components and systems which, outside of a few exceptions, are "as-designed" and not "as-built." Using today's technologies it is becoming quite simple to scan a complete environment and virtually recreate it as it is in the real world. (In this image, Benoît Manfreo of the Tokamak Integration team, and Chiara Di Paolo, ITER Project Associate in the Tritium Breeding Blanket Section, are exploring the digital mock-up of a port cell inside the Tokamak Building to assess practicability and accessibility for operators working in ventilated suits. Suppose, for instance, that at one point an ion cyclotron resonance heating antenna needs to be fixed or replaced. According to Bécoulet, the process would typically trigger a whole series of meetings with "20 to 30 people seated around a table." When digital twins are implemented, "the officer responsible for maintenance will be able to virtually investigate all possible scenarios, and set limits for cost and delay. It will be like a video game, experimenting scenarios and strategies until settling on the most efficient." Artificial intelligence will likely play a key part in the DigITER digital transition, both as the designated tool for "questioning" the databases and for mitigating the risk of human error. "A process that involves actors from different backgrounds and cultures, each operating within a certain mode and mindset, is prone to generating errors. In ITER, like in any big and complex project, the consequences can be dire." Knowledge relies on access to organized data, and this is precisely what the DigITER program boils down to. "Data management is at the core of such activity," stresses Bécoulet. "By holding on to data, we're holding on to everything else." The "data continuity" project, aiming at consolidating the structure of ITER engineering data, is under active elaboration.  A full year will be needed to define the new data architecture and another one to proceed to what Bécoulet calls a "re-digitalization" of all of ITER's accumulated data. Building on ITER's current capabilities, three projects within DigITER have also been given priority status: the digitalization of as-built data and the construction of 3D models; an increase in the use of virtual and augmented reality for design, validation, control, simulation and training; and the introduction of digital tools for the advanced engineering design of the future Hot Cell Facility. "DigITER represents a colossal amount of work," says Bécoulet, "but the tools now exist to make it possible." Following more than one year of detailed investigation, benchmarking and the production of a roadmap by the working group, the program is now ready to launch.    

Experiments performed this month on the EAST superconducting tokamak in Hefei, China, have demonstrated record sustainment of high temperature plasmas in the so-called H-mode confinement regime, surpassing 400 seconds.  H‐mode describes the sudden improvement of plasma confinement in the magnetic field of tokamaks by approximately a factor of two, and is the high confinement regime that all modern tokamaks, including ITER, rely on. Scientists at EAST had broken the 100-second barrier for steady-state H-mode plasmas in 2017. Nearly 50,000 plasma shots later, on 12 April 2023, the team achieved a 403-second stationary H-mode plasma, and repeated the performance in a second shot the next day.  Research at EAST on physics and technology issues under steady-state operational conditions is directly relevant to ITER. Song Yuntao, director of ASIPP, celebrated the milestone. "The EAST team has worked together closely with their collaborators at home and abroad over the past decades," in order to solve frontier physics and technical issues with long-pulse operation, he said. This includes "plasma configuration control, high efficiency radio frequency heating and current drive, plasma-wall interactions, and real-time diagnostics for key plasma parameters." The latest achievement at EAST is an important milestone in the exploration of plasmas that will be required for ITER and for future fusion reactors.  See more about the technical characteristics of the record shot in English or Chinese.

The INFUSED pages of the ITER Organization website are the place to go for students and teachers interested in educational resources in fusion science and technology. The resources have been developed all over the world, and are offered in many languages and formats. At this time of year, it is also good to keep an eye on the INFUSED event calendar, where deadlines are fast approaching for summer training opportunities, specialized courses, and postdoctoral research grants.   At the top of this page, click on "View all upcoming events" to see a list of opportunities through November. Click on the titles to find out more about application procedures and deadlines. And for organizers, you can contact ITERCommunications@iter.org if you don't see your training opportunity listed in INFUSED.

The third edition of "Education Boot Camp," organized by the Indian Youth Nuclear Society (IYNS) and Shiv Nadar School, Noida, attracted 2,000 participants from the Delhi region, from grade 5 through university. The goal? To raise awareness about sustainable development and climate change. Over one month, participating students were asked to develop ideas to tackle the environmental challenge of their choice, and present them at the two-day culminating event on 20-21 April. Team Swachh Bin from the Shiv Nadar School won first prize with a project on waste management.  Nintendra Singh, founder and president of the IYNS, founding board member of Women in Nuclear India (WiN-India), and current ITER Project Associate in the Tritium Breeding Blanket Section, was satisfied with the dedication and enthusiasm of the students. "The event was an excellent opportunity for students to learn and connect with industry experts and academia, and to connect with peers. The idea that it is necessary to find local—and innovative—solutions to global issues was very well assimilated." Shira Tabachnikoff, Internal & Stakeholder Relations Manager at ITER and co-chair of the Women in Fusion network, participated in panels on women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) and shared the status of the ITER Project with students in high school and university.